Innovative agromineral: transforming agriculture and mining rehabilitation in Moa
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Abstract
The global fertilizer crisis, exacerbated by COVID-19 and the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, has motivated the search for sustainable alternatives to face agricultural challenges in Moa, Cuba. In this context, a team from the University of Moa developed an innovative agromineral combining zeolitized and vitreous tuffs with the ammoniacal residual liquor from the CARON process of the nickel industry. This project, approved as part of a local research and development program, proved to be economically and environmentally viable. Tests were carried out in organoponics and experimental beds with crops such as cucumbers, beans and spinach, observing significant increases in production. In addition, the agromineral demonstrated its capacity to rehabilitate soils degraded by nickel mining, improving their structure, fertility and capacity to retain nutrients. Chemical analysis indicated a removal of 99% of the ammonium present in the residual liquor, while the formulations used did not increase the concentration of heavy metals in the soils. The results confirm the potential of agrominerals to increase agricultural productivity, promote sustainability and contribute to mining rehabilitation. Important applications were identified in the improvement of lateritic soils, typical of Moa, and in urban agriculture. This advance could play a key role in mitigating the impacts of climate change and in food security in the region.
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