Effects of fire on the structure and composition of vegetation in a semideciduous forest in San Vicente Cabinda
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Abstract
The research focused on evaluating the effect of fire on the structure and composition of vegetation in a natural semi-deciduous forest in San Vicente. The main objective was to analyze the impacts of fire, both positive and negative, on the biotic components and environmental conditions of the ecosystem. To do so, combustible material inventory methods and measurement of changes in flora before and after the application of prescribed burns were used. The study was carried out in an area with a tropical climate, characterized by rainy and dry periods, with Ferralitic Yellow Leached soils. Floristic inventories were carried out in 200 m² plots, and methods such as planar intersections were applied to quantify the available combustible material. The results showed that miscellaneous materials, mainly leaves and non-woody plant remains, were the most representative before burning, with an average of 20.59 t/ha of dry combustible material. After burning, combustible material was reduced by 87.7%, favouring the regeneration of herbaceous and shrub species, with a 100% increase in grass and dicotyledon cover. Regarding diversity, a decrease of 8.4% was observed in the floristic composition, and fire negatively affected species diversity indices. However, some species showed the ability to resprout after burning, especially those adapted to fire, such as legumes. The results underline that the controlled use of fire can be a useful tool in forest fuel management, although its impact on biodiversity must be carefully assessed.
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