Empowerment of women in the agricultural sector of the Martí municipality
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Abstract
Women in the agricultural sector of Martí Municipality play a fundamental role in achieving food security, yet they face significant social, economic, and cultural barriers. These obstacles stem from traditional gender constructions that perpetuate inequality and discrimination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the processes limiting women’s empowerment in this sector. The research was conducted in Martí, located in Matanzas Province, Cuba, with a sample of 86 women, selected randomly from a population of 229 women engaged in agricultural production. The study applied the Likert-scale questionnaire (IMEM) to measure empowerment across seven key factors: participation, courage, external influences, independence, equality, social satisfaction, and security. Empowerment levels were classified as low, medium, or high based on total scores. The results revealed that 37.2% of the participants were categorized as empowered, while 32.6% were identified as leaders and 30.2% as producers. However, the overall empowerment score of women in this sector was low, with notable deficiencies in participation, equality, social satisfaction, and security. Women aged 46–55 years represented the largest group (39.5%), and most held roles as specialists or technicians rather than leadership positions. This study highlights the urgent need for targeted strategies to reduce gender disparities and promote women’s empowerment in Martí's agricultural sector. Such initiatives should address structural barriers and foster an environment of inclusion and equity.
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