Vegetation present in the farm "La Espinita", Júcaro, Yaguajay municipality
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Abstract
The study of vegetation on the "La Espinita" farm, located in Júcaro, Yaguajay municipality, Cuba, is essential for understanding the dynamics of coastal ecosystems and their interaction with human activities. The objective of this work was to characterize the farm's natural and cultural vegetation, evaluating its floristic diversity and its relationship to sustainable agroecological practices. Four field visits were conducted between 2021 and 2022, where transects were established to record plant species, and plant formations were classified according to standardized methodologies. One hundred and one species were identified in the swamp forest relic, belonging to 82 genera and 49 families, including Terminalia buceras and Lonchocarpus sericeus. In addition, the presence of four mangrove species and a high diversity of epiphytes, including the orchid Encyclia phoenicea, were documented. The results showed that historical agricultural practices altered the water regime and reduced soil productivity, but the implementation of agroecological techniques and the protection of remnant forests have allowed for their partial recovery. It was concluded that the conservation of these ecosystems is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and mitigating the effects of climate change, highlighting the importance of living fences and floral enrichment for environmental sustainability.
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