Forest diversity and structure in three restoration sites in Cuba
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Abstract
Ecological restoration is essential for recovering the biodiversity and functionality of degraded ecosystems. This study aimed to assess vegetation diversity and structure at three restoration sites in Cuba (Itabo, Díaz Cuevas, and the Sabanilla River basin) in order to propose strategies for their recovery. Sampling plots were established at each site, where species richness, vertical structure (herbaceous, shrub, and tree), and the ecological importance value index (EVI) of the species present were measured. The results showed that the sites exhibit high natural regeneration of species such as marabou (Diostrachys cinerea) and white poplar (Gmelina arborea), indicating strong anthropogenic disturbance. Although species richness was high, abundance was not proportional, especially in the tree strata, suggesting intermediate stages of ecological succession. The need to introduce native timber and fruit species to improve ecosystem diversity and functionality was identified. The conclusions highlight the importance of implementing silvicultural management practices, such as the introduction of economically valuable species and reducing indiscriminate logging, to promote the effective restoration of these degraded ecosystems.
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